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1 Raw Material Dyed Yarns
Fibres dyed in the unspun state. The system is common in the wool trade, but not often done with cotton or other fibres. The wool is dyed either in the loose or top form and a mixture yarn is obtained by blending two or more colours.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Raw Material Dyed Yarns
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2 raw
[rɔː] adjective1) not cooked:نَيءraw onions/meat.
2) not prepared or refined; in the natural state:خامWhat raw materials are used to make plastic?
3) with the skin rubbed and sore:محكوك وَمَجْروحMy heel is raw because my shoe doesn't fit properly.
4) untrained; inexperienced:عَديم الخِبْرَهraw recruits.
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3 в сыром виде
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4 товарный вид
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5 в сыром виде
1) General subject: eating2) Construction: in the raw state3) Mining: in raw condition4) Makarov: in the rough -
6 surow|o
Ⅰ adv. grad. 1. (bez pobłażania) [ukarać, potraktować, potępić] severely, harshly; [spojrzeć, powiedzieć] sternly; [wychowywać] strictly- wstęp surowo wzbroniony admittance strictly prohibited- został surowo skarcony he was sharply rebuked a. reprimanded2. (bez ozdób) [umeblowany, ubrany] austerely, severely- weszli do surowo urządzonego wnętrza they entered an austerely decorated roomⅡ na surowo in the raw (state)- jeść owoce/jarzyny na surowo to eat fruit/vegetables rawThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > surow|o
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7 Botany
The finest of worsted yarns, and used for the best fabrics. A term applied to fine Australian wools of best quality. The fibre is fairly short and curly and has a large number of waves and serrations to the inch. (The term was originally applied to merino wool grown near Botany Bay, Australia). Today the terms " Botany " and " Merino " mean the same thing, viz., the fine, wavy wool clipped from the merino sheep. In the trade it is usual to refer to these fine wools as merino, while in the raw state, and as botany during processing and afterwards. -
8 Stock Dyeing
The process of dyeing fibres in the raw state before spinning. -
9 estado
m.1 state.estado de excepción o emergencia state of emergencyestado de salud (state of) healthestado de sitio state of siegeel estado de las carreteras road conditionsestar en buen/mal estado to be in good/bad condition; (vehículo, terreno) to be fresh/off (alimento, bebida)en estado de alerta on (the) alertestar en estado (de esperanza o buena esperanza) to be expectingquedarse en estado to become pregnantestado anímico o de ánimo state of mindestado de bienestar welfare stateestado civil marital statusen estado de coma in a comaestado de cuentas statement of accounts2 state (gobierno).el estado the State3 state.estado policial police stateestado satélite satellite (state)Estados Unidos de América United States of America4 status, standing.5 condition, shape.past part.past participle of spanish verb: estar.* * *1 (situación) state, condition2 (en orden social) status3 HISTORIA estate4 PLÍTICA state\estar en buen estado to be in good conditionestar en estado to be pregnantestar en estado de funcionamiento to be in working orderestar en mal estado to be in bad conditionestado civil marital statusestado de ánimo state of mindestado de bienestar welfare stateestado de cuentas statement of accountsestado de excepción state of emergencyestado de guerra state of warestado de salud state of healthestado mayor MILITAR staffestado noble noble estateestado sólido solid state* * *noun m.1) state2) status3) condition* * *SM1) (=situación)a) [de objeto, proceso] state¿en qué estado se encuentran las relaciones entre los dos países? — what is the state of relations between the two countries?
el ordenador está en perfecto estado — the computer is working perfectly o is in perfect working order
•
estar en mal estado — [instalación] to be in (a) poor condition, be in a bad state; [alimentos] to be offel techo se encontraba en muy mal estado — the roof was in very poor condition o in a very bad state
tras comer carne en mal estado — after eating meat that was off o that had gone off
b) [de persona] conditionestado de alarma, estado de alerta — state of alert
estado de ánimo — [emocional] mood; [mental] state of mind
estado de coma — coma, state of coma
en este estado de cosas, lo mejor es convocar nuevas elecciones — given the state of affairs, the best thing to do is call another election
¿cuál es el estado de cosas ahora? — what's the state of play now?
estado de emergencia, estado de excepción — state of emergency
estado de gracia — [de creyente] state of grace; [de político, gobierno] honeymoon period; [de deportista] run of good form
estado de la red — (Inform) volume of users
estado de salud — condition, state of health
2) (Fís) state3)• en estado (=embarazada) —
•
en avanzado estado de gestación — heavily pregnant, in an advanced state of pregnancy•
estar en estado interesante — hum to be expecting, be in the family way *4) (=nación) statelos intereses del estado — national o state interests
asuntos de estado — affairs of state, state affairs
•
hombre de estado — statesmanestado asistencial, estado benefactor — welfare state
golpe 10)estado del bienestar, estado de previsión — welfare state
5) (=región) [en EE.UU., México, Brasil] state6) ( Hist) (=clase) estate7) (Mil)8) (Com, Econ) (=informe) reportestado de contabilidad — Méx balance sheet
estado de cuenta — bank statement, statement of account frm
estado de cuentas — [de una empresa] statement of account
* * *1)a) (situación, condición) stateen avanzado estado de descomposición — (frml) in an advanced state of decomposition
en estado de embriaguez — (frml) under the influence of alcohol
tomar estado público — (RPl frml) to become public (knowledge)
b) (Med) conditionen avanzado estado de gestación — (frml) in an advanced state of pregnancy (frml)
estar en estado — (euf) to be expecting (colloq)
estar en estado de buena esperanza — (euf or hum) to be expecting a happy event (euph)
quedarse en estado — (euf) to get pregnant
2) (nación, gobierno) statela seguridad del Estado — national o state security
•* * *1)a) (situación, condición) stateen avanzado estado de descomposición — (frml) in an advanced state of decomposition
en estado de embriaguez — (frml) under the influence of alcohol
tomar estado público — (RPl frml) to become public (knowledge)
b) (Med) conditionen avanzado estado de gestación — (frml) in an advanced state of pregnancy (frml)
estar en estado — (euf) to be expecting (colloq)
estar en estado de buena esperanza — (euf or hum) to be expecting a happy event (euph)
quedarse en estado — (euf) to get pregnant
2) (nación, gobierno) statela seguridad del Estado — national o state security
•* * *estado11 = state, commonwealth.Ex: WLN (Western Library Network) is composed of libraries in the states of Washington and Alaska in the United states, and is expanding to cover other states and libraries in Canada.
Ex: The article is entitled 'Academic libraries: `towards commonwealth and coalitions'.* abogado del estado, abogado de la corona = Queen's Counsel (QC).* al norte del estado = upstate.* capital del estado = nation-state capital, state capital.* Capitolio del Estado = State Capitol.* condición de estado = statehood.* controlado por el estado = state-controlled.* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la C = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).* de varios estados = multi-state [multistate].* empleado del estado = state employee.* en el norte del estado = upstate.* en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].* estado árabe = Arab state.* estado de derecho = rule of law.* estado de hecho = rule of men.* estado del bienestar = welfare state.* estado isleño = island nation.* estado laico = secular state.* estado miembro = member government, member state.* estado nacional = nation state, national state.* estado niñera = nanny state.* estado paternalista = nanny state.* estados bálticos, los = Baltic States, the.* estado soberano = sovereign state.* Estados Unidos continental = continental United States, the.* Estados Unidos de América, los (EE.UU., los) = USA, the (United States of America, the).* Estados Unidos, los = US, US, the [U.S.], United States, the.* financiado por el estado = state-supported, state-funded.* golpe de estado = coup d'etat, putsch.* Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the.* hombre de estado = statesman [statesmen, -pl.].* intento de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.* jefe de estado = head of state, chief of state.* jefe del estado mayor = Chief of Staff.* localizado en los Estados Unidos = US-based.* nación sin estado = stateless nation.* objeto de delito contra el estado = impeachable.* papá estado = nanny state.* poder del estado = state power.* propiedad del estado = state property.* región central de los Estados Unidos, la = American midwest, the.* regulado por el estado = state-regulated.* secretario de Estado = Secretary of State.* Secretario de Estado, el = State Secretary, the.* secreto de estado = state secret.* supervisado por el estado = state-regulated.* tentativa de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.* visita de estado = state visit.* zona de los tres estados = tristate area.estado22 = stage, state, status, condition.Ex: The first stage in the choice of access points must be the definition of an author.
Ex: Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.Ex: AACR2 assigns this main entry status to the person who is chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work.Ex: He was laid upon the bed and upon examination his head was found in a terrible condition, swelled and bruised from the effect of sandbag blows.* alternar de un estado a otro = toggle.* base de datos en estado original = raw database.* buen estado físico = fitness, physical fitness.* datos en estado bruto = raw facts.* dejar a Alguien en estado = knock + Alguien + up.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.* en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.* en estado = pregnant, in the family way.* en estado de abandono = decaying, dilapidated.* en estado de alerta = on standby, on alert.* en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* en estado de descomposición = decaying.* en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.* en estado de reserva = on standby.* en estado de sitio = in a state of siege, under siege.* en estado embrionario = embryo, embryonic, in embryonic stage, in embryo, in the embryo stage.* en excelente estado = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.* en mal estado = in bad condition, in poor condition, in bad shape, in poor shape, in bad nick.* en perfecto estado = intact, in mint condition, in immaculate condition.* en su estado embrionario = in its embryonic stage.* en su estado natural = in the wild.* en tado de deterioro = dilapidated.* en un estado embrionario = in an embryonic stage.* estado actual = current state, present state.* estado anímico = state, mood.* estado civil = marital status.* estado de abandono = state of neglect.* estado de alerta = state of alert.* estado de amenaza terrorista = terror alert.* estado de ánimo = mood, state of mind, frame of mind, humour [humor, -USA].* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estado de confusión = state of confusion.* estado de emergencia = state of emergency.* estado de excepción = state of emergency, state of exception.* estado de inactividad = state of dormancy.* estado de la circulación = traffic conditions.* estado de la cuestión = state of the art.* estado del arte = state of the art.* estado de las artes = state of the arts.* estado de las carreteras = traffic report, road conditions.* estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.* estado del ordenador en línea = onlineness.* estado del tiempo = weather conditions.* estado de salud = state of health.* estado de trance = state of trance.* estado de una situación = state of being.* estado de vigilia = wakefulness.* estado físico = physical condition, physical shape, physical state.* estado híbrido = hybridity.* estado incompleto = incompleteness.* estado latente = latency, state of dormancy.* estado líquido = molten state.* estado molecular = molecular state.* estado natural = natural state.* estado sólido = solid state.* estado vegetativo = vegetative state.* estado vegetativo persistente = persistent vegetative state.* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estudio crítico del estado de la cuestión = review.* estudio del estado de la cuestión = survey.* física del estado sólido = solid state physics.* información en su estado primario = raw information.* informe del estado de la cuestión = state of the art report, state of the art review.* informe sobre el estado de la nación = state of the nation report.* informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.* mal estado = disrepair, state of disrepair.* mal estado de salud = poor health.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mujer en estado = pregnant woman.* perfecto estado = intactness.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant, be up the spout.* sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.* volver Algo a su estado anterior = put + Nombre + back on track.* * *A1 (situación, condición) stateel debate sobre el estado de la nación the debate on the state of the nationla casa está en buen estado the house is in good conditionlas carreteras están en muy mal estado the roads are in very poor condition o in a very bad statela carne estaba en mal estado the meat was bad o ( BrE) offen avanzado estado de descomposición ( frml); in an advanced state of decompositionen estado de embriaguez ( frml); under the influence of alcohol2 ( Med) conditionsu estado general es satisfactorio ( frml); his general condition is satisfactoryen avanzado estado de gestación ( frml); in an advanced state of pregnancy ( frml), seven ( o eight etc) months pregnantno debería fumar en su estado she shouldn't smoke in her conditionquedarse en estado ( euf); to get pregnantCompuestos:marital statusstate of alertstate of mindcomaestaba en estado de coma she was in a comabank statement, statement of account● estado de emergencia or excepciónstate of emergencystate of gracestate of warweather conditionsstate of maximum alertstate of maximum securitystate of siegefinancial statementsolid stateB1 (nación) statela seguridad del Estado national o state security2 (gobierno) stateun asunto de estado a state matterel Estado the State3 ( Hist) (estamento) estateel primer/segundo/tercer estado the first/second/third estateCompuestos:welfare statecity-statewelfare stateel estado llano the commonalty, the commons (pl)( Mil) general staffpolice statesovereign statebuffer state( Pol); rogue state* * *
Del verbo estar: ( conjugate estar)
estado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
estado
estar
estado sustantivo masculino
1
estado de cuenta bank statement;
estado de emergencia or excepción state of emergency;
la casa está en buen estado the house is in good conditionb) (Med) condition;◊ estar en estado (euf) to be expecting (colloq);
quedarse en estado (euf) to get pregnantc)
2 (nación, gobierno) state;◊ la seguridad del Eestado national o state security;
estado de bienestar welfare state
estar 1 ( conjugate estar) cópula
1a) ( seguido de adjetivos)◊ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1 to be;
estás más gordo you've put on weight;
estoy cansada I'm tired;
está muy simpático conmigo he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently);
¡todo está tan caro! things are o have become so expensive!b) ( con◊ bien, mal, mejor, peor): están todos bien, gracias they're all fine, thanks;
¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!;
está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him;
ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
3 ( seguido de participios)
estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other;
ver tb v aux 2
4 ( seguido de preposición) to be;
(para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente);
¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?;
está con el sarampión she has (the) measles;
estoy de cocinera I'm doing the cooking;
estamos sin electricidad the electricity is off at the moment;
está sin pintar it hasn't been painted yet
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en un lugar) to be;◊ ¿dónde está Chiapas? where's Chiapas?;
está a 20 kilómetros de aquí it's 20 kilometers from here;
¿sabes dónde está Pedro? do you know where Pedro is?;
¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?;
solo estadoé unos días I'll only be staying a few days;
¿cuánto tiempo estadoás en Londres? how long are you going to be in London (for)?
2 ( en el tiempo):◊ ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?;
¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?;
estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May;
estamos en primavera it's spring
3a) (tener como función, cometido):
estamos para ayudarlos we're here to help them
4 (estar listo, terminado):
lo atas con un nudo y ya está you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are;
enseguida estoy I'll be right with you
5 (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl):
la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better
estado v aux
1 ( con gerundio):
estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible
2 ( con participio):
ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now;
ver tb estar cópula 3
estarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ( permanecer) to stay;◊ ¿no te puedes estado quieto? can't you stay o keep still?;
estese tranquilo don't worry
estar 2 sustantivo masculino (esp AmL) living room
estado sustantivo masculino
1 Pol state
estado de bienestar, welfare state
2 (circunstancia, situación) state, condition: este abrigo está en un estado lamentable, this coat is in a terrible state
no puedes conducir en ese estado, you can't drive in that condition
estado de ánimo/ excepción/guerra/sitio, state of mind/emergency/ war/siege
estado civil, marital status
Mil Estado Mayor, staff
♦ Locuciones: estar en estado (de buena esperanza), to be expecting
abogado del Estado, legal representative of the State
razón de Estado, reason of State
estar verbo intransitivo
1 (existir, hallarse) to be: está al norte, it is to the north
¿estarás en casa?, will you be at home?
no está en ningún lado, it isn't anywhere
estamos aquí para servirle, we are at your service
su pedido aún no está, your order isn't ready yet
2 (permanecer) to stay: estos días estoy en casa de mis padres, these days I'm staying at my parents' place
estoy en la oficina de ocho a dos, I'm at the office from eight to two
quiero que estés aquí un minuto, ahora vuelvo, stay here, I'll be right back
3 (tener una situación actual determinada: con adjetivo o participio) estaba blanco como la cera, he had turned as white as a sheet
está dormido, he's asleep
está teñida de rubio, her hair's dyed blonde
(con gerundio) está estudiando, he is studying
estaba preparando la comida, I was cooking
(con adverbio) estoy tan lejos, I'm so far away
está muy mal, (enfermo) he is very ill
4 (quedar, sentar) el jersey me está pequeño, the sweater is too small for me
5 (para indicar precio, grados, fecha) (+ a: fecha) to be: ¿a qué día estamos?, what's the date?
estamos a 1 de Julio, it is the first of July
(: precio) to be at: ¿a cómo/cuánto están las manzanas?, how much are the apples?
están a setenta pesetas el kilo, they're seventy pesetas a kilo
(: grados) en Madrid estamos a cuarenta grados, it's forty degrees in Madrid
♦ Locuciones: ¿estamos?, agreed?
estar a disposición de, to be at the disposal of
estar a la que salta, to be ready to take advantage of an opportunity
estar a las duras y a las maduras, to take the bad with the good
estar al caer, to be just round the corner
estar en baja, to be waning
estar en todo, to be on top of everything
estaría bueno, whatever next
ESTAR CON: (de acuerdo con) estoy con María, I agree with Mary
ESTAR DE: estoy de broma, I'm joking
está de camarero, he's working as a waiter
estaba de Dios que las cosas sucedieran así, it was God's will that things turned out this way, está de vacaciones, he's on holiday
me voy a marchar porque está claro que aquí estoy de más, I'm going to go because it's obvious that I'm in the way
ESTAR ENCIMA: su madre siempre está encima de él, his mother is always on top of him
ESTAR PARA: no estamos para bromas, we are in no mood for jokes
esa ropa está para planchar, these clothes are ready to be ironed
cuando estaba para salir, me llamaron, when I was just about to leave, they called me
ESTAR POR: la casa está por construir, the house has still to be built
estuve por decirle lo que pensaba, I was tempted to tell him what I thought
estoy por la igualdad de derechos, I'm for equal rights
ESTAR QUE: está que no puede con su alma, he is exhausted
familiar está que trina, he's hopping mad
ESTAR TRAS: está tras el ascenso, he is after promotion
estoy tras una blusa blanca, I'm looking for a white blouse
El uso del verbo to stay como traducción de estar en un lugar es incorrecto, a menos que quieras expresar lo contrario de irse o marcharse (no me voy a la playa, estaré en casa todo el verano, I'm not going to the beach, I'm staying at home all summer) o te refieras a alojarse: Estoy en el Palace. I'm staying at the Palace.
' estado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- aconfesional
- amiguete
- animada
- animado
- anímica
- anímico
- ánimo
- aparato
- atonía
- bajón
- barra
- bienestar
- BOE
- boletín
- bonanza
- bono
- bregar
- con
- condición
- coño
- dejar
- deplorable
- desocupación
- deterioro
- día
- dormitar
- estribar
- fiscal
- fragmentaria
- fragmentario
- ir
- golpe
- gravedad
- hombre
- jefa
- jefatura
- jefe
- lamentable
- licitar
- mentar
- mira
- notar
- penosa
- penoso
- permanecer
- permanencia
- primitiva
- primitivo
English:
abject
- absent
- act up
- agitation
- almost
- Attorney General
- bad
- bad-tempered
- be
- blissful
- budget
- canvass
- chancellor
- check up on
- club
- combine
- comfortable
- condition
- conscious
- consciousness
- coup
- crown
- decaying
- deliberate
- delusion
- denunciation
- disease
- disheveled
- dishevelled
- disrepair
- doldrums
- ever
- evident
- fall
- fitness
- fixture
- frame of mind
- gilt-edged
- he's
- head
- herself
- himself
- incompleteness
- intermittent
- intoxicated
- limbo
- maintain
- marital status
- marriage
- mind
* * *estado nm1. [situación, condición] state;su estado es grave his condition is serious;me lo encontré en un estado penoso I found him in a pitiful state;el estado de su cuenta arroja un saldo positivo your account is in credit;estar en buen/mal estado [vehículo, terreno, edificio] to be in good/bad condition;[alimento, bebida] to be fresh/Br off o US spoiled;la moqueta se halla en muy mal estado the carpet is in very bad condition;en estado de alerta on (the) alert;en estado de guerra at war;estar en estado (de buena esperanza) to be expecting, to be in the family way;quedarse en estado to become pregnant;estar en estado de merecer to be marriageableestado de ánimo state of mind, mood;estado de bienestar welfare state;estado civil marital status;estado de coma: [m5] en estado de coma in a coma;estado de cuentas statement of accounts;estado de emergencia state of emergency;estado de equilibrio state of equilibrium;estado estacionario [de enfermo] stable condition;estado de excepción state of emergency;estado de gracia [de santo] state of grace;estar en estado de gracia [deportista] to be on excellent form;estado de reposo: [m5] en estado de reposo at rest;estado de salud (state of) health;estado de sitio state of siege;estado vegetativo vegetative state;estado vegetativo permanente persistent vegetative state2. Fís state;un cuerpo en estado sólido/líquido/gaseoso a body in a solid/liquid/gaseous stateestado cristalino crystalline state3. [gobierno] state;temas de estado affairs of state;un hombre de estado a statesman;el Estado [el gobierno, la administración] the State;asuntos que atañen a la seguridad del Estado matters relating to state security;el Estado de las Autonomías = the organization of the Spanish state into autonomous regions with varying degrees of devolved power4. [país, división territorial] state;un estado independiente an independent state;un estado de derecho a state which is subject to the rule of lawestado policial police state;Estados Unidos (de América) United States (of America);Estados Unidos Mexicanos United Mexican StatesHist los Estados Generales the Estates General;el estado llano the third estate, the common people* * *m1 state2 MED condition;en buen/mal estado in good/bad condition3:el Estado the State* * *estado nm1) : state2) : statusestado civil: marital status3) condición: condition* * *estado n1. (en general) state2. (condición) condition -
10 original
adj.1 original (nuevo, primero).2 eccentric, different (raro).m.original.* * *► adjetivo1 (gen) original1 original\en el original in the originalser original de (procedente de, nacido en) from* * *noun m. adj.* * *1. ADJ1) (=inicial) [idea, documento, idioma] original; [edición] firstpecado 1)van a intentar devolver la zona a su estado original — they are going to try to return the area to its original state
2) (=novedoso) original3) (=raro) unusual, original; (=extravagante) eccentricél siempre tiene que ser tan original — iró he always has to be so different
4) (=creativo) original5) (=procedente)ser original de — [planta, animal] to be native to
2. SM1) (=modelo) original2) (Tip) (tb: original de imprenta) manuscript, original, copy* * *I1) (primero, no copiado) original2) <artista/enfoque> originalIItú siempre tan original! — (iró) you always have to be different!
masculino originalun original de Dalí — a Dalí original, an original Dalí
* * *= creative, manuscript, master, master copy, original, original document, master, raw, pristine, founding, unedited.Ex. His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.Ex. A manuscript is a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone, etc.Ex. The great significance of a fully developed network will be that it will relieve libraries of the necessity of maintaining their own copies of the master data base.Ex. Normally, before a manuscript is printed or duplicated in multiple copies the editor will be provided with printer's proofs or a master copy.Ex. Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.Ex. An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.Ex. The supply would need to be replenished when the multiple copies had been used, so a master would be kept - usually for offset litho reproduction or for cutting a stencil on an electronic scanner.Ex. Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.Ex. Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.Ex. The founding missions have being found increasingly ill-suited for the demands of the marketplace.Ex. This bank of data represented a valuable source of unedited views about users' perceptions, thoughts and attitudes about libraries and electronic resources.----* base de datos en estado original = raw database.* edición original = original edition.* error del original = sic.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* original de una obra de arte = art original.* original listo para reproducir = camera-ready copy.* pecado original, el = original sin, the.* poco original = unoriginal.* título original = original title.* * *I1) (primero, no copiado) original2) <artista/enfoque> originalIItú siempre tan original! — (iró) you always have to be different!
masculino originalun original de Dalí — a Dalí original, an original Dalí
* * *= creative, manuscript, master, master copy, original, original document, master, raw, pristine, founding, unedited.Ex: His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.
Ex: A manuscript is a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone, etc.Ex: The great significance of a fully developed network will be that it will relieve libraries of the necessity of maintaining their own copies of the master data base.Ex: Normally, before a manuscript is printed or duplicated in multiple copies the editor will be provided with printer's proofs or a master copy.Ex: Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.Ex: An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.Ex: The supply would need to be replenished when the multiple copies had been used, so a master would be kept - usually for offset litho reproduction or for cutting a stencil on an electronic scanner.Ex: Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.Ex: Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.Ex: The founding missions have being found increasingly ill-suited for the demands of the marketplace.Ex: This bank of data represented a valuable source of unedited views about users' perceptions, thoughts and attitudes about libraries and electronic resources.* base de datos en estado original = raw database.* edición original = original edition.* error del original = sic.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* original de una obra de arte = art original.* original listo para reproducir = camera-ready copy.* pecado original, el = original sin, the.* poco original = unoriginal.* título original = original title.* * *A1 (primero, inicial) ‹texto› originalen su forma original in its original form2 (no copiado) originales un Hockney original it's an original HockneyB (novedoso) ‹artista/novela/enfoque› original¡tú siempre tan original! ( iró); you always have to be different!C(de un país, una región): el maíz es original de América corn originated in o originally came from America, corn is native to Americaoriginalun original de Dalí a Dalí original, an original Dalímándale el original y archiva la copia send her the original and file the copylo leyó en el original she read it in the original French ( o Spanish etc)Compuesto:original, manuscript* * *
original adjetivo / noun masculine
original
original
I adjetivo original
II mf original: tengo que entregar el original a la imprenta, I have to give the original to the printer's
' original' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
m.s.
- novedosa
- novedoso
- originaria
- originario
- pecado
- primitiva
- primitivo
- promotor
- promotora
- retornar
- subtítulo
- versión
- vista
- visto
- VO
- subtitular
English:
arrange
- beat down
- close
- creative
- derivative
- first
- individual
- master
- novel
- original
- originally
- sell back
- unconventional
- unusual
- different
- line
- secondary
- stick
- unoriginal
* * *♦ adj1. [nuevo, primero] original;el texto original the original text;en versión original in the original version2. [no imitación] original;este es original y esta la copia this is original and this is the copy;un Velázquez original an original Velázquez3. [inusual] original;esa corbata es muy original that's a very original o unusual tie4. [raro] different, eccentric;tú siempre tan original you always have to be different[animal, planta] to be native to♦ nm1. [primera versión] original;hay que entregar tres copias y el original you have to give them the original and three copies;leer algo en el original to read sth in the original2. [manuscrito] manuscript* * *m/adj original* * *original adj & nm: original♦ originalmente adv* * *original adj n original -
11 brut
brut, e [bʀyt]1. adjectivea. [pétrole, minerai] crude ; [métal, donnée] raw• à l'état brut [matière] untreated• brut de décoffrage or de fonderie (figurative) rough and readyb. [champagne] brut ; [cidre] dryc. [bénéfice, poids, salaire] gross• il touche 3 000 € bruts par mois he earns 3,000 euros gross per month2. masculine noun( = pétrole) crude oil3. feminine noun• tu es une grosse brute ! (inf) you're a big bully!* * *
1.
brute bʀyt adjectif1) ( non traité) [coton, soie, matière] raw; [minerai, pétrole] crude; [pierre précieuse] rough, uncut; [marbre, granit] rough; [laine] untreated; [sucre] unrefined2) [champagne, vin mousseux] dry, brut; [cidre] dry3) [salaire, bénéfice] gross4) [poids, charge] gross
2.
adverbe gross
3.
* * *bʀyt brut, -e1. adj1) (= non traité) (matériau) raw, (sucre, or) unrefined, (laine) untreated, (pétrole) crude, (diamant) rough, uncut, (soie) raw, (données) rawà l'état brut (matière) — raw, (réalité) in the raw
la force à l'état brut — brute strength, brute force
2) COMMERCE gross3) (= sans restriction) (force) brute, (émotion) raw4) (champagne) brut2. nm1) (champagne brut) brut champagne2) (pétrole brut) crude oil, crude* * *A adj1 ( non traité) [coton, soie, matière, minerai, métal] raw; [pierre précieuse] rough, uncut; [marbre, granit] rough; [laine] untreated; [sucre] unrefined; à l'état brut in its natural state; métal brut de coulée as-cast metal; métal brut de laminage as-rolled metal;B adv [rapporter, gagner, peser] gross; rapporter 10% brut to gross 10%, to make 10% gross; véhicule pesant brut 5t vehicle weighing 5t gross.C nm ( pétrole) crude (oil); ( champagne) dry ou brut champagne; ( mousseux) dry ou brut sparkling wine; ( cidre) dry cider.D brute nf2 ( personne sans culture) lout; c'est une brute épaisse he/she's just a stupid lout;3 ( créature sauvage) beast.dormir comme une brute to sleep like a log; travailler comme une brute to work like a horse.1. [non traité - pétrole, métal] crude, untreated ; [ - laine, soie, charbon, brique] untreated, raw ; [ - sucre] raw, coarse ; [ - pierre précieuse] rough, uncut ; [ - minerai] raw ; [ - or] unrefined[donnée] raw3. [sauvage] brute5. [poids] grossbrut adverbegagner 1 500 euros brut to earn 1,500 euros grossbrut nom masculin1. [salaire] gross income2. [pétrole] crude oil3. [champagne] brut ou dry champagne -
12 crudo
adj.1 raw, rare, unbaked, uncooked.2 crude, natural, raw, unprocessed.3 crude, inexpert.4 crude, gothic, rude, coarse.5 crude, bawdy.6 cruel, crude, unadorned, unmasked.La cruda realidad The cruel [unmasked] reality...* * *► adjetivo1 (sin cocer) raw; (poco hecho) underdone■ la carne está cruda the meat is underdone, the meat isn't cooked enough3 (color) natural, unbleached4 (clima) harsh1 (petróleo) crude oil, crude\verlo muy crudo familiar not to hold out much hopeseda cruda raw silk————————1 (petróleo) crude oil, crude* * *(f. - cruda)adj.1) crude2) raw* * *1. ADJ1) (Culin)a) (=sin cocinar) [carne] raw; [verduras] raw, uncookedb) (=poco hecho) underdonelas patatas están crudas — the potatoes are underdone o are not properly cooked
2)un jersey de color crudo — a natural-coloured o (EEUU) natural-colored jersey
3) (Téc) [producto] untreated; [seda] raw; [lino] unbleached4) [clima, invierno] harsh, severe5) [descripción] crude, coarse; [imágenes] harrowing6) * (=difícil)lo tienen crudo para encontrar un trabajo — they're having a hard o tough time finding a job
lo tendrán crudo si piensan que... — they'll have a tough time of it if they think that...
7) [agua] hard2. SM1) (=petróleo) crude (oil)2) LAm * (=resaca) hangover3) Perú (=arpillera) sackcloth* * *I- da adjetivo1) [estar] <carne/verduras/pescado> ( sin cocinar) raw; ( poco hecho) underdone2) [ser]a) <invierno/clima> severe, harshb) <lenguaje/imágenes/realidad> harsh3)(de) color crudo — natural; <lana/encaje> ecru
4) [estar] (AmC, Méx fam) ( con resaca)IImasculino crude oil, crude* * *I- da adjetivo1) [estar] <carne/verduras/pescado> ( sin cocinar) raw; ( poco hecho) underdone2) [ser]a) <invierno/clima> severe, harshb) <lenguaje/imágenes/realidad> harsh3)(de) color crudo — natural; <lana/encaje> ecru
4) [estar] (AmC, Méx fam) ( con resaca)IImasculino crude oil, crude* * *crudo11 = petroleum, crude oil.Ex: Several of the exclusive data bases cover petroleum and fossil fuels.
Ex: In any case the great petrol tankers cannot reach Antwerp, whence the need to lay oil pipelines from Rotterdam to improve the supplying of crude oil to the refineries.* bidón de crudo = oil drum.crudo22 = crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], raw.Ex: Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.
Ex: Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.* alimentos crudos = raw food.* carne cruda = raw meat.* cruda realidad = stark reality.* en lo más crudo del invierno = in the dead of winter.* tenerlo crudo = not be easy.* * *A [ ESTAR]1 ‹carne/verduras/pescado› (sin cocinar) raw; (poco hecho) underdoneel pollo está crudo the chicken isn't cooked properly, the chicken is underdoneB1 [ SER] ‹invierno/clima› severe, harsh2 ‹lenguaje› harsh, raw; ‹imágenes› harshla película tiene unas escenas muy crudas the movie has some very harsh scenes in ites la cruda realidad it's the harsh o crude realityC(de) color crudo natural, unbleachedencaje/lana (de) color crudo ecru lace/woolD [ SER]es muy crudo para el francés he's brilliant at FrenchE [ ESTAR]crude oil, crude* * *
crudo◊ -da adjetivo
1 [estar] ‹carne/verduras/pescado› ( sin cocinar) raw;
( poco hecho) underdone
2 [ser]
crudo,-a
I adjetivo
1 raw
2 (comida poco hecha) underdone
3 (clima, realidad) harsh
4 (color) cream, natural
II sustantivo masculino (petróleo) crude
♦ Locuciones: familiar figurado estar muy crudo, to be very difficult
tener/ver (algo) muy crudo, to find sthg very difficult
' crudo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cruda
- tártara
- tártaro
- cocido
- petróleo
- plátano
English:
crude
- hard-pressed
- raw
- rawhide
- stark
- bleak
- ham
- sharp
- unrefined
* * *crudo, -a♦ adj1. [seda, algodón] raw2. [alimentos] [sin cocinar] raw;[sin cocer completamente] undercooked3. [petróleo] crude4. [clima, tiempo] harsh5. [realidad] harsh;[novela] harshly realistic, hard-hitting6. [cruel] cruel7. [color] beige8. Fam [difícil]en estos momentos está muy crudo encontrar trabajo it's really tough to find a job just now;lo tiene crudo si piensa que lo voy a invitar he's in for a big disappointment if he thinks I'm inviting him♦ nm1. [petróleo] crude (oil)* * *I adj alimento raw; figharsh;voy a tenerlo crudo para aprobar fam I’m going to have a hard job passing the exam, passing the exam isn’t going to be easyII m crude (oil)* * *crudo, -da adj1) : raw2) : crude, harshcrudo nm: crude oil* * *crudo adj1. (alimento sin cocinar) raw2. (alimento poco hecho) not cooked3. (clima) harsh4. (color) natural -
13 état
état [eta]1. masculine nouna. [de personne] state• en état d'ivresse or d'ébriété under the influence of alcohol• il ne faut pas te mettre des états pareils ! you mustn't get yourself into such a stateb. [d'objet, article d'occasion] condition• en bon/mauvais état in good/bad conditionc. [de chose abstraite, substance] state• état liquide/solide liquid/solid statee. ( = registre, comptes) statement ; ( = inventaire) inventoryf. (locutions) faire état de [+ ses services] to instance ; [+ craintes, intentions] to state ; [+ conversation, rumeur] to report2. compounds• (le bureau de) l'état civil the registry office (Brit), the Public Records Office (US) ► état de crise state of crisis* * *etanom masculin1) ( nation) state, State2) ( gouvernement) state, government3) ( territoire autonome) state•Phrasal Verbs:* * *eta nmPOLITIQUE state* * *A nm1 ( condition physique) condition; l'état du malade s'améliore the patient's condition is improving; être dans un état stationnaire to be in a stable condition; en bon état général in good overall condition; être en état de faire qch to be in a fit state to do sth; ne pas être en état de faire, être hors d'état de faire to be in no condition ou in no fit state to do; mettre qn hors d'état de faire qch to render sb incapable of doing sth; mettre qn hors d'état de nuire ( légalement) to put sb out of harm's way; ( physiquement) to incapacitate sb; leur état de santé est excellent their (state of) health is excellent; être dans un triste état○/en piteux état○ to be in a sorry/pitiful state; tu es dans un bel état! iron you're in a fine state!;2 ( condition psychique) state; être dans un état d'inquiétude terrible to be in a terrible state of anxiety; être dans un état d'énervement extrême to be in a state of extreme irritation; elle n'est pas en état de le revoir she's in no state to see him again; je suis hors d'état de réfléchir I'm incapable of thinking, I'm in no state to think; être dans un drôle d'état○ to be in a hell of a state○; ne pas être dans son état normal not to be oneself; ne te mets pas dans des états pareils! don't get into such a state!, don't get so worked up○!; être dans un état second to be in a trance;3 (de voiture, livre, tapis) condition; l'état de conservation d'un livre the condition of a book; l'état des routes ( conditions climatiques) road conditions; ( qualité) the state of the roads; en bon/mauvais état [maison, cœur, foie] in good/poor condition; avoir les dents en mauvais état to have bad teeth; l'état de délabrement d'une maison the dilapidated state of a house; l'état de conservation d'une momie égyptienne the state of preservation of an Egyptian mummy; vérifier l'état de qch to check sth; mettre/maintenir qch en état to put/keep sth in working order; hors d'état de marche [voiture] off the road, not running; [appareil] out of order; remettre qch en état to mend ou repair sth; remettre une maison en état to do up a house; la remise en état d'un réseau routier/de voiture the repair of a road network/car; vous devez rendre la maison en l'état lors de votre départ you must leave the house as you found it; les choses sont restées en l'état depuis leur départ nothing has been changed since they left; j'ai laissé les choses en l'état I left everything as it was; à l'état brut [huile, pétrole] in its raw state; [action, idée] in its initial stages; un temple à l'état de ruines a temple in a state of ruin; voiture/bicyclette/ordinateur à l'état neuf car/bicycle/computer as good as new; beauté à l'état pur unadulterated beauty; une voiture en état de rouler a roadworthy car; un bateau en état de naviguer a seaworthy ship;4 (d'affaires, économie, de finances, pays) state; l'état de l'environnement/d'une entreprise the state of the environment/a company; le pays est dans un état critique the country is in a critical state; cet état de choses ne peut plus durer this state of affairs can't go on; dans l'état actuel des choses in the present state of affairs; dans l'état actuel de la recherche médicale in the present state of medical research; l'état de tension entre le gouvernement et l'opposition the state of tension in relations between the government and the opposition; ce n'est encore qu'à l'état de projet it's still only at the planning stage;5 Sci ( de corps) state; les états de la matière the states of matter; l'état solide/liquide/gazeux the solid/liquid/gaseous state; un corps à l'état liquide/de vapeur a body in the liquid/vapourGB state; à l'état naissant [gaz] nascent; à l'état pur [élément, héroïne] in its pure state;6 ( situation sociale) state; ( métier)† trade; être boulanger de son état to be a baker by trade; ruiné, il se rappelle son ancien état now that he is bankrupt, he remembers how things used to be; choisir l'état ecclésiastique to choose holy orders; être satisfait/mécontent de son état to be satisfied/unhappy with one's lot;7 Sociol l'état civilisé the civilized state; naissance d'un nouvel état social birth of a new social order; des tribus qui vivent encore à l'état sauvage tribes still living in a primitive state;8 Compta statement; état de frais statement of expenses; état des comptes financial statements; état financier financial statement; état des ventes d'un magasin a shop's GB ou store's US sales statement;9 Jur ( statut) status; état d'épouse/d'enfant légitime/de parent status of a spouse/legitimate child/parent;10 Hist ( catégorie sociale) estate; la notion de classe a remplacé celle d'état the concept of class replaced that of estate.B faire état de loc verbale1 ( arguer) to cite [document, texte, théorie, loi]; faire état du témoignage/de l'opinion de qn pour étayer une thèse to cite sb's testimony/opinion in support of a thesis;2 ( mentionner) to mention [conversation, entretien, découverte]; ne faites pas état de cette conversation don't mention this conversation; la presse a fait état de leur conversation the press reported their conversation;4 ( se prévaloir de) to make a point of mentioning [succès, courage]; j'ai fait état de mes diplômes pour obtenir le travail I made a point of mentioning my diplomas to get the job; ils ont fait état des services qu'ils nous ont rendus they made a point of mentioning the things they had done for us in the past.état d'alerte Mil state of alert; en état d'alerte on the alert; état d'âme ( scrupule) qualm; ( sentiment) feeling; ne pas avoir d'états d'âme to have no qualms; état de choc Méd, Psych state of shock; en état de choc in a state of shock; état de choses state of affairs; état civil Admin registry office GB; ( de personne) civil status; état de conscience Psych state of consciousness; état de crise Pol, Sociol state of crisis; état d'esprit state ou frame of mind; état de fait fact; les états généraux Hist the Estates General; état de grâce Relig state of grace; en état de grâce lit in a state of grace; fig inspired; état de guerre state of war; état des lieux Jur inventory and statement of state of repair; fig appraisal; faire l'état des lieux to draw up an inventory and statement of state of repair; état de nature Sociol the state of nature; à l'état de nature in the state of nature; état de rêve dream state; état de santé state of health; état de siège state of siege; états de service service record; état d'urgence state of emergency; état de veille waking state; ⇒ tiers.être/se mettre dans tous ses états○ to be in/to get into a state○; il se met dans tous ses états pour un rien he gets all worked up○ ou he gets into a state over nothing; être réduit à l'état de loque/d'esclave to be reduced to a wreck/treated as a slave.[eta] nom masculinA.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE PHYSIQUE]te voilà dans un triste état! you're in a sorry ou sad state!a. [drogué] to be highb. [en transe] to be in a tranceen état de: être en état d'ivresse ou d'ébriété to be under the influence (of alcohol), to be inebriatedêtre hors d'état de, ne pas être en état de to be in no condition to ou totally unfit toa. [préventivement] to make somebody harmlessb. [après coup] to neutralize somebodyétat de santé (state of) health, conditionêtre en bon/mauvais étata. [meuble, route, véhicule] to be in good/poor conditionb. [bâtiment] to be in a good/bad state of repairc. [colis, marchandises] to be undamaged/damagedvendu à l'état neuf [dans petites annonces] as newréduit à l'état de cendres/poussière reduced to ashes/a powderquand tu seras de nouveau en état de marche (familier & humoristique) when you're back on your feet again ou back in circulationa. [appartement] to renovate, to refurbishb. [véhicule] to repairc. [pièce de moteur] to reconditionmaintenir quelque chose en état [bâtiment, bateau, voiture] to keep something in good repair3. [situation particulière - d'un développement, d'une technique] statedans l'état actuel des choses as things stand at the moment, in the present state of affairs(en) état d'alerte/d'urgence (in a) state of alarm/emergency4. CHIMIE & PHYSIQUEétat gazeux/liquide/solide gaseous/liquid/solid stateà l'état brut [pétrole] crude, unrefined, rawà l'état pur [gemme, métal] pure5. LINGUISTIQUEB.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE MORALE, PSYCHOLOGIQUE] stateelle n'est pas dans son état normal she's not her normal ou usual selfa. [à une personne inquiète, déprimée] don't worry!b. [à une personne énervée] don't get so worked up!état d'esprit state ou frame of minda. [d'anxiété] to be beside oneself with anxietyb. [de colère] to be beside oneself (with anger)se mettre dans tous ses états [en colère] to go off the deep end, to go spareC.[CONDITION SOCIALE]3. HISTOIREles États généraux the States ou Estates GeneralD.[DOCUMENT COMPTABLE OU LÉGAL][inventaire] inventoryl'état des dépenses/des recettes statement of expenses/takingsétat appréciatif evaluation, estimationb. [professionnellement] professional recorddresser ou faire un état des lieux2. (locution)a. [sondage, témoignages, thèse] to put forward (separable)b. [document] to refer toc. [fait] to mentiond. [soucis] to mentionétat d'âme nom masculin————————état de grâce nom masculinA consultative assembly of representatives from the three estates of the Ancien Régime: clergy, nobility and the Third Estate, or commoners. It met for the last time in May 1789 in the Jeu de Paume in Versailles, where the Third Estate vowed not to disperse until they had established a constitution. -
14 roh
Adj.1. Nahrungsmittel: raw; das Fleisch ist innen noch roh the meat is still uncooked inside; roher Schinken uncooked ham; rohe Klöße dumplings made from grated raw potatoes; Ei 12. (unbehandelt) Diamant: rough, auch Stein: uncut; Häute: untreated; (primitiv verarbeitet) crude; Entwurf, Daten etc.: rough3. (derb, grob) rough, coarse; rohe Sitten oder Umgangsformen uncouth manners; ein roher Kerl a brute; sie leidet unter seiner rohen Art she suffers from his brutish behavio(u)r; er ist sehr roh zu ihr he treats her brutally; ein unglaublich rohes Verbrechen an incredibly brutal ( oder callous) crime; Gewalt* * *savage; heathenish; truculent; rough; crude; unwrought; uncooked; ruffianly; severe; coarse; brutal; raw* * *[roː]1. adjSee:→ Ei2) (= unbearbeitet) Bretter, Stein etc rough; Diamant uncut, rough; Eisen, Metall crude; Felle untreatedetw aus dem Rohen arbeiten (Art) — to work sth from the rough
die Statue/das Bild/das Manuskript ist im Rohen fertig — the rough shape of the statue/the rough sketch of the picture/the rough draft of the manuscript is finished
3) (= unkultiviert, brutal) roughróhe Gewalt — brute force
wo róhe Kräfte sinnlos walten... (prov) — brute force does it
2. adv1) (= ungekocht) raw2) (= grob) behauen, zusammen nageln roughly3) (= brutal) brutally* * *1) (of, or like, a brute: brutish manners.) brutish2) (unrefined: crude oil.) crude3) (not cooked: raw onions/meat.) raw4) (noisy and violent: rough behaviour.) rough5) (not complete or exact; approximate: a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.) rough* * *[ro:]I. adj1. (nicht zubereitet) raw\rohes Gemüse raw vegetables2. (unbearbeitet) crudeein \roher Holzklotz a rough logein \roher Marmorblock an unhewn [or spec undressed] block of marble3. (brutal) rough4. (rüde) coarseII. adv1. (in rohem Zustand) raw, in a raw stateer schluckte das Ei \roh hinunter he swallowed the egg raw2. (ungefüge) roughly, crudely\roh behauene Steinblöcke rough[ly]-hewn stone blocks* * *1.jemanden/etwas wie ein rohes Ei behandeln — handle somebody/something with kid gloves
2) (nicht bearbeitet) rough, unfinished < wood>; rough, uncut < diamond>; rough-hewn, undressed < stone>; crude <ore, metal>; untreated < skin>; raw <silk, sugar>3) (brutal) brutish < person, treatment, etc.>; (grausam) callous <person, treatment>; (grob) coarse, uncouth <manners, words, joke>; brute attrib. < force>2.* * *roh adj1. Nahrungsmittel: raw;das Fleisch ist innen noch roh the meat is still uncooked inside;roher Schinken uncooked ham;2. (unbehandelt) Diamant: rough, auch Stein: uncut; Häute: untreated; (primitiv verarbeitet) crude; Entwurf, Daten etc: roughUmgangsformen uncouth manners;ein roher Kerl a brute;sie leidet unter seiner rohen Art she suffers from his brutish behavio(u)r;er ist sehr roh zu ihr he treats her brutally;* * *1.jemanden/etwas wie ein rohes Ei behandeln — handle somebody/something with kid gloves
2) (nicht bearbeitet) rough, unfinished < wood>; rough, uncut < diamond>; rough-hewn, undressed < stone>; crude <ore, metal>; untreated < skin>; raw <silk, sugar>3) (brutal) brutish <person, treatment, etc.>; (grausam) callous <person, treatment>; (grob) coarse, uncouth <manners, words, joke>; brute attrib. < force>2.* * *adj.coarse adj.crude adj.raw adj.rough adj.ruffian-like adj.uncooked adj.unwrought adj. adv.blackly adv.rawly adv. -
15 primitivo
adj.1 primitive, primal, aboriginal, original.2 primitive, gut, primary.3 primitive, crude, lacking refinement.m.1 primitive.2 Primitivo.* * *► adjetivo1 HISTORIA primitive2 (original) original3 (rudimentario) basic* * *(f. - primitiva)adj.* * *ADJ1) [arte, pueblo] primitive; (=salvaje) uncivilized2) (=original) first, original3) [color] primary4) (Econ) [acción] ordinary* * *- va adjetivo1) primitivelos hombres primitivos — primitive o early man
2) ( original) original3) (Art) primitive* * *= primitive, uncivilised [uncivilized, -USA], barbaric, raw, pristine, primordial.Ex. Primitive war dances, fertility rites, hunting games are all rituals human beings develop in their corporate as well as their private lives.Ex. It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.Ex. The novel is a crude barbaric mixture of verse and prose, poetry and realism, crammed with ghosts, corpses, maniacs all very unlike Racine.Ex. Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.Ex. Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.Ex. The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.----* hombre primitivo, el = early man.* impulso primitivo = primitive urge.* * *- va adjetivo1) primitivelos hombres primitivos — primitive o early man
2) ( original) original3) (Art) primitive* * *= primitive, uncivilised [uncivilized, -USA], barbaric, raw, pristine, primordial.Ex: Primitive war dances, fertility rites, hunting games are all rituals human beings develop in their corporate as well as their private lives.
Ex: It was on the tip of his tongue to say: 'Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?' But he discreetly forbore.Ex: The novel is a crude barbaric mixture of verse and prose, poetry and realism, crammed with ghosts, corpses, maniacs all very unlike Racine.Ex: Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.Ex: Although national parks are perceived as pristine areas, many are dumping grounds for hazardous materials - everything from industrial toxins to unexploded munitions.Ex: The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.* hombre primitivo, el = early man.* impulso primitivo = primitive urge.* * *primitivo -vaA ‹pueblo/costumbres› primitive; ‹instalaciones/métodos› primitivelos hombres primitivos primitive o early mantrabajan en condiciones primitivas they work in primitive conditionsB (original) originalel texto primitivo the original textC ( Art) primitive* * *
primitivo◊ -va adjetivo
primitive
primitivo,-a adjetivo
1 (civilización, cultura) primitive
2 (estado originario) original
la estructura primitiva de la casa, the original structure of the house
3 (grosero) rude, coarse
' primitivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
primitiva
- primario
- salvaje
English:
crude
- early
- first
- primaeval
- primitive
- barbaric
* * *primitivo, -a adj1. [arcaico, rudimentario] primitive2. [original] original3. Arte primitivist* * *adj1 ( prehistórico, rudimentario) primitive2 ( original) original* * *primitivo, -va adj1) : primitive2) original: original* * *primitivo adj primitive -
16 hilo
m.1 thread (fibra, hebra).colgar o pender de un hilo to be hanging by a threadmover los hilos to pull some stringshilo dental dental floss2 linen (tejido).3 wire.sin hilos wireless4 trickle.entraba un hilo de luz por la ventana a thin shaft of light came in through the windowapenas le salía un hilo de voz he was barely able to speak5 train.perder el hilo to lose the threadseguir el hilo to follow (the thread)tomar o retomar el hilo (de la conversación) to pick up the thread (of the conversation)esto viene al hilo de lo que dijimos ayer this relates to what we were saying yesterdayhilo argumental line of argument6 line of thought, drift.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: hilar.* * *1 thread (grueso) yarn2 (lino) linen3 (alambre, cable) wire6 figurado (de la vida) course\al hilo on the graincoger el hilo figurado to catch the drift, get the driftcon un hilo de voz in a tiny voice, in a faint voiceestar colgando de un hilo figurado to be hanging by a threadestar pendiente de un hilo figurado to be hanging by a threadmover los hilos figurado to pull the stringsperder el hilo figurado to lose the threadseguir el hilo figurado to followhilo musical piped music, Musak* * *noun m.1) thread2) wire3) linen* * *SM1) (Cos) thread, yarntela de hilo — Méx linen cloth
coser al hilo — to sew on the straight, sew with the weave
- a hilo- al hilo2) (=cable) [de metal] thin wire; [de electricidad] wire, flex; [de teléfono] linehilo de tierra — earth wire, ground wire (EEUU)
hilo directo — direct line, hot line
3) (=chorro) [de líquido] thin stream, trickle; [de gente] thin linehilo de humo — thin line of smoke, plume of smoke
4) (Bot) fibre, fiber (EEUU), filament5) (=lino) linentraje de hilo — linen dress o suit
hilo de Escocia — lisle, strong cotton
6) (=curso) [de conversación] thread; [de vida] course; [de pensamientos] trainel hilo conductor — the theme o leitmotiv
seguir el hilo — [de razonamiento] to follow, understand
hilo argumental — story line, plot
* * *1)a) ( en costura) threadal hilo — <cortar/coser> on the straight, with the weave; ( uno tras otro) (AmL fam) in a row, on the trot (colloq)
mover los hilos: es lo que mueve los hilos de su política it is what controls their policy; el que mueve los hilos the one who's pulling the strings o calling the shots; pender or colgar de un hilo to hang by a thread; por el hilo se saca el ovillo — it's just a question of putting two and two together
b) ( lino) linenc) ( de araña) threadd) (fam) ( de las judías) string2) (Elec) wire3) (de relato, conversación) thread4) (de sangre, agua) trickleun hilo de luz — a thread of light (liter)
* * *= thread, strand, thread, linen, yarn.Ex. Wronski remained silent for a moment, looking at the thin gray threads of smoke that were rising from his cigarette.Ex. Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.Ex. The thread linking these giants is the acknowledgement that libraries exist to serve their users.Ex. The raw material of white paper was undyed linen -- or in very early days hempen -- rags, which the paper-maker bought in bulk, sorted and washed, and then put by in a damp heap for four or five days to rot.Ex. This is the perfect yarn for knitting when the luxury and durability of pure new wool is desired.----* encaje de hilo = tatting.* grapadora de hilo de alambre = wire stapler, wire binder.* hebra de hilo = strand of thread.* hilo conductor = common thread.* hilo de agua = trickle.* hilo de bramante = twine.* hilo dental = dental floss.* hilo magnético = magnetic wire.* hilo telegráfico = telegraph wire.* limpiarse los dientes con hilo dental = floss + teeth.* perder el hilo = lose + the plot, lose + the thread.* retomar el hilo = pick up + the thread, take up + the thread.* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.* tanga de hilo = G-string, gee-string.* tanga de hilo dental = G-string, gee-string.* vida + pender + de un hilo = live on + the line.* vivir pendiendo de un hilo = live on + the line.* * *1)a) ( en costura) threadal hilo — <cortar/coser> on the straight, with the weave; ( uno tras otro) (AmL fam) in a row, on the trot (colloq)
mover los hilos: es lo que mueve los hilos de su política it is what controls their policy; el que mueve los hilos the one who's pulling the strings o calling the shots; pender or colgar de un hilo to hang by a thread; por el hilo se saca el ovillo — it's just a question of putting two and two together
b) ( lino) linenc) ( de araña) threadd) (fam) ( de las judías) string2) (Elec) wire3) (de relato, conversación) thread4) (de sangre, agua) trickleun hilo de luz — a thread of light (liter)
* * *= thread, strand, thread, linen, yarn.Ex: Wronski remained silent for a moment, looking at the thin gray threads of smoke that were rising from his cigarette.
Ex: Vegetable fibres in their raw state contain the necessary strands of cellulose which can be converted into paper.Ex: The thread linking these giants is the acknowledgement that libraries exist to serve their users.Ex: The raw material of white paper was undyed linen -- or in very early days hempen -- rags, which the paper-maker bought in bulk, sorted and washed, and then put by in a damp heap for four or five days to rot.Ex: This is the perfect yarn for knitting when the luxury and durability of pure new wool is desired.* encaje de hilo = tatting.* grapadora de hilo de alambre = wire stapler, wire binder.* hebra de hilo = strand of thread.* hilo conductor = common thread.* hilo de agua = trickle.* hilo de bramante = twine.* hilo dental = dental floss.* hilo magnético = magnetic wire.* hilo telegráfico = telegraph wire.* limpiarse los dientes con hilo dental = floss + teeth.* perder el hilo = lose + the plot, lose + the thread.* retomar el hilo = pick up + the thread, take up + the thread.* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.* tanga de hilo = G-string, gee-string.* tanga de hilo dental = G-string, gee-string.* vida + pender + de un hilo = live on + the line.* vivir pendiendo de un hilo = live on + the line.* * *A1 (en costura) threadun carrete de hilo a reel of thread¿tienes aguja e hilo? do you have a needle and thread?al hilo ‹cortar/coser› on the straight, with the weave; (uno tras otro) ( AmL fam) on the trot ( colloq)ganó tres partidos al hilo he won three games on the trot o in a rowse vio cuatro películas al hilo she saw four movies in a row o one after the othermover los hilos: intereses económicos mueven los hilos de su política economic interests control their policytodos conocen a quienes mueven los hilos everybody knows who's pulling the strings o calling the shotspender or colgar de un hilo to hang by a threadsu vida pendía de un hilo his life was hanging by a threadel futuro de la empresa pende de un hilo the company's future hangs by a threadpor el hilo se saca el ovillo it's just a question of putting two and two together2 (lino) linenuna camisa de hilo a linen shirt3 (de araña, gusano de seda) thread4 ( fam) (de las judías, del plátano) stringCompuesto:dental flossB ( Elec) wireCompuestos:( Elec) conductor wire; (de una novela) thread( Esp) piped musicC ( Inf) threadD (de un relato, una conversación) threadperdió el hilo de la conversación she lost the thread of the conversationinterrumpió el hilo de sus pensamientos it interrupted his train of thoughtE (de sangre, agua) trickleun hilo de luz a thread of light ( liter)con un hilo de voz in a tiny voice, in a thin little voice* * *
Del verbo hilar: ( conjugate hilar)
hilo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
hiló es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
hilar
hilo
hilar ( conjugate hilar) verbo intransitivo
to spin;◊ hilo fino to split hairs
verbo transitivo
[ araña] to spin
hilo sustantivo masculino
1
2 (Elec) wire;◊ hilo musical (Esp) piped music
3 (de relato, conversación) thread
4 (de sangre, agua) trickle
hilar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (hacer hilo) to spin
2 (relacionar datos) to string together, link
♦ Locuciones: hilar fino, to split hairs
hilo sustantivo masculino
1 Cost thread
(de perlé, de tejer) yarn
(tela de hilo) linen
2 fig (argumento) thread
(del pensamiento) train
hilo musical, background music
3 (cable) wire
♦ Locuciones: familiar mantener al hilo, to keep posted
pender/colgar de un hilo, to hang by a thread o to be in imminent danger
perder el hilo, to lose the thread
' hilo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
carrete
- enrollar
- estambre
- hebra
- hilar
- pita
- alambre
- bobina
- delgado
- devanar
- doble
- embrollar
- filamento
- fino
- hacer
- madeja
- nudo
English:
balance
- ball
- cord
- cotton
- dental floss
- dribble
- floss
- length
- line
- ply
- spin
- strand
- string
- tangle
- thread
- track
- train
- trickle
- wind
- yarn
- knife
- linen
- piped music
* * *hilo nm1. [fibra, hebra] thread;Amal hilo in a row;me leí cinco libros al hilo I read five books one after the other o in a row;mover los hilos to pull some strings;es él quien mueve los hilos de la empresa he's the person who really runs the firmhilo de bramante twine;hilo dental [para la boca] dental floss;Am [bañador] G-string2. [tejido] linen;un mantel de hilo a linen tablecloth3. [cable] wire;sin hilos wireless;tener hilo directo con alguien to have direct access to sb4. [de agua, sangre] trickle;entraba un hilo de luz por la ventana a thin shaft of light came in through the window;apenas le salía un hilo de voz he was barely able to speak6. [de pensamiento] train;[de discurso, conversación] thread;perder el hilo to lose the thread;seguir el hilo to follow (the thread);el hilo conductor del argumento de la película the central strand of the film's plot;al hilo de [a propósito de] following on from;esto viene al hilo de lo que dijimos ayer this relates to what we were saying yesterday* * *mcolgar opender de un hilo fig hang by a thread;mover los hilos fig pull strings;perder el hilo fig lose the thread2:3:con un hilo de voz fig in a barely audible voice* * *hilo nm1) : threadcolgar de un hilo: to hang by a threadhilo dental: dental floss2) lino: linen3) : (electric) wire4) : theme, thread (of a discourse)5) : trickle (of water, etc.)* * *hilo n1. (hebra) thread2. (alambre, cable) wire -
17 grezzo
"row;Roh;bruto"* * *grezzo agg.1 (greggio) rough, raw; (di minerale) crude; (non lavorato) unprocessed: diamante grezzo, rough (o uncut) diamond; oro grezzo, unrefined gold; lana grezza, raw wool2 (fig.) coarse, rough: una mente grezza, a coarse mind.* * *['greddzo]1) [lana, canapa] coarse; [ pietra preziosa] uncut, unhewn; [ metallo] rawallo stato grezzo — in its natural state, in the raw BE
* * *grezzo/'greddzo/1 [lana, canapa] coarse; [ pietra preziosa] uncut, unhewn; [ metallo] raw; allo stato grezzo in its natural state, in the raw BE -
18 Silk Yarns
Silk yarns are composed of a number of silk filaments twisted together, usually 8 to 12 to form a thread. The filaments have a natural coating of gum which gives strength and elasticity, but reduces lustre. The gum must be boiled off if lustre is wanted, which may be done either in the yarn state or when woven in cloth. Silk yarns are divided into two classes, " thrown silk" and " spun silk," the first being yarns that are made by the processes of reeling and throwing, and the second consisting of yarns spun from waste silk. Thrown Silk, or Net Silk comprises organzine and tram yarns, organzine being made from the most perfect cocoons and used for warps. Tram is made from the inferior cocoons and used as weft. All silk contains a proportion of natural gum, and the amount of gum removed give rise to the following terms: - Boiled-off Silk - Yarn which has had all the gum removed, and has the highest sheen (see Boiled-off). Hard Silk - Yarn that has not undergone any boiling-off process. Ecru Silk - Yarn boiled to remove about 3 per cent to 5 per cent of the gum by light washing in lukewarm water. Souple Silk - Yarn boiled to remove about one-sixth of the gum. Bengal Silk - See Bengal Silk. Berlin Silk - A silk yarn made for fancy hand work. It is produced by doubling from 4 to 8 twisted singles grege by a right-hand twist; then again doubling three of these with a left-hand twist. The thread is very round, smooth, and hard, also known as cordon-net. Blond Silk - A special silk yarn made by doubling three grege threads left-hand twist, then doubling three of these together with right-hand twist. Brights - Silk which has been entirely de-gummed in the skein and then dyed. Bourette, Bourrette Yarn - A low grade of silk yarn made from the waste produced by schappe spinning. Canton Silk - See Canton Silk. Chiffon Twist - Single raw silk threads, 50 or more turns per inch. Used for chiffons, crepe-de-chines, etc. Crepe-de-Chine - Hard twist tram silk, about 40 to 70 turns per inch. Made from 3 to 5 raw silk ends. Usually woven as weft. Crepe Georgette - Hard twist raw silk usually made from two threads 13/15 deniers, 50 or more turns, both right and left twist, used for crepe georgettes as warp and weft. Crepe Twist - This is tram silk hard twisted, having from 30 to 100 turns per inch. Used for making fabrics of a crepe character both all silk and mixtures. Cordonnet Silk - See Berlin Silk; also under Cordonnet. Eri Silk - A raw silk obtained from the wild silkworm " Attacus ricini." Flock Silk - A general term used to indicate silk yarns made from the outer uneven parts of the cocoon. Floss Silk - Used principally for embroidery purposes. It is a thrown silk and made by doubling two thick raw singles with right-hand twist together with a left-hand twist. Galette Silk - A coarse silk yarn made from waste. Grenadine Silk - Organzine silk with a large number of turns per inch. Jaspe Silk - Silk warps printed in the hank. Ombre Silk - Skein dyed yarn in a gradation of shades, which run in sequence of depth of colour, varying from five up to forty shades. Schappe Silk - A spun silk yarn which is made from silk degummed by the maceration process used on the Continent (see Schappe Silk). Soie Ondee - See Soie Ondee. Silk Yarns - In addition to the foregoing yarns see under the following terms for further silk yarns: - Cable, Cevennes, Chappe, Chine, Clochepeid, Crocheting, Crue (see Ecru), Cuite Cusier, Cusirino, Degummed, Docken, Doup-pion. Ecru, Embroidery, Etschingo, Filature, Filature a 1'Europeune, Filet, Florette, Fringe, Goffered, Grege, Gum Hainin, Hard, Kahing, Knitting, Lousy, Marabout, Maybasch, Melange, Mele, Mi-cuit, Minchcw, Nett, Noil, Organzine, Ouvrees, Oval, Pearlina, Pel, Pelo, Poie, Pure dye Silk, Raw (see Grege), Re-reels, Retorse, Senegal, Sewing, Simonita, Soft Singles, Soie Ondee, Souple, Spun, Steeped, Strafilato, Stumba, Thrown, Tors San File, Tram, Tramette, Tsatlees, Tussah, Twist, Washed, Zaguri. -
19 необработен
(за земя) uncultivated, untilled; unreclaimed, barren, waste(за материали) raw, crude, unprocessed, coarse, rough, untreated, unwrought, in the rough state(за кожа) undressed(за стил) unpolished, roughнеобработена кожа undressed skin, hideнеобработен почерк a childish hand* * *необрабо̀тен,прил. (за земя) uncultivated, untilled; unreclaimed, barren, waste; (за материали) raw, crude, unprocessed, coarse, rough, untreated, unwrought, in the rough state; (за кожа) undressed; (за стил) unpolished, rough; \необработен почерк a childish hand; \необработена кожа undressed skin, hide.* * *coarse; crude; rude{ru;d}; uncultivated; untilled{Xn`tild}; waste{weist}* * *1. (за земя) uncultivated, untilled;unreclaimed, barren, waste 2. (за кожа) undressed 3. (за материали) raw, crude, unprocessed, coarse, rough, untreated, unwrought, in the rough state 4. (за стил) unpolished, rough 5. НЕОБРАБОТЕН почерк a childish hand 6. НЕОБРАБОТЕНa кожа undressed skin, hide -
20 État
état [eta]1. masculine nouna. [de personne] state• en état d'ivresse or d'ébriété under the influence of alcohol• il ne faut pas te mettre des états pareils ! you mustn't get yourself into such a stateb. [d'objet, article d'occasion] condition• en bon/mauvais état in good/bad conditionc. [de chose abstraite, substance] state• état liquide/solide liquid/solid statee. ( = registre, comptes) statement ; ( = inventaire) inventoryf. (locutions) faire état de [+ ses services] to instance ; [+ craintes, intentions] to state ; [+ conversation, rumeur] to report2. compounds• (le bureau de) l'état civil the registry office (Brit), the Public Records Office (US) ► état de crise state of crisis* * *etanom masculin1) ( nation) state, State2) ( gouvernement) state, government3) ( territoire autonome) state•Phrasal Verbs:* * *eta nmPOLITIQUE state* * *A nm1 ( condition physique) condition; l'état du malade s'améliore the patient's condition is improving; être dans un état stationnaire to be in a stable condition; en bon état général in good overall condition; être en état de faire qch to be in a fit state to do sth; ne pas être en état de faire, être hors d'état de faire to be in no condition ou in no fit state to do; mettre qn hors d'état de faire qch to render sb incapable of doing sth; mettre qn hors d'état de nuire ( légalement) to put sb out of harm's way; ( physiquement) to incapacitate sb; leur état de santé est excellent their (state of) health is excellent; être dans un triste état○/en piteux état○ to be in a sorry/pitiful state; tu es dans un bel état! iron you're in a fine state!;2 ( condition psychique) state; être dans un état d'inquiétude terrible to be in a terrible state of anxiety; être dans un état d'énervement extrême to be in a state of extreme irritation; elle n'est pas en état de le revoir she's in no state to see him again; je suis hors d'état de réfléchir I'm incapable of thinking, I'm in no state to think; être dans un drôle d'état○ to be in a hell of a state○; ne pas être dans son état normal not to be oneself; ne te mets pas dans des états pareils! don't get into such a state!, don't get so worked up○!; être dans un état second to be in a trance;3 (de voiture, livre, tapis) condition; l'état de conservation d'un livre the condition of a book; l'état des routes ( conditions climatiques) road conditions; ( qualité) the state of the roads; en bon/mauvais état [maison, cœur, foie] in good/poor condition; avoir les dents en mauvais état to have bad teeth; l'état de délabrement d'une maison the dilapidated state of a house; l'état de conservation d'une momie égyptienne the state of preservation of an Egyptian mummy; vérifier l'état de qch to check sth; mettre/maintenir qch en état to put/keep sth in working order; hors d'état de marche [voiture] off the road, not running; [appareil] out of order; remettre qch en état to mend ou repair sth; remettre une maison en état to do up a house; la remise en état d'un réseau routier/de voiture the repair of a road network/car; vous devez rendre la maison en l'état lors de votre départ you must leave the house as you found it; les choses sont restées en l'état depuis leur départ nothing has been changed since they left; j'ai laissé les choses en l'état I left everything as it was; à l'état brut [huile, pétrole] in its raw state; [action, idée] in its initial stages; un temple à l'état de ruines a temple in a state of ruin; voiture/bicyclette/ordinateur à l'état neuf car/bicycle/computer as good as new; beauté à l'état pur unadulterated beauty; une voiture en état de rouler a roadworthy car; un bateau en état de naviguer a seaworthy ship;4 (d'affaires, économie, de finances, pays) state; l'état de l'environnement/d'une entreprise the state of the environment/a company; le pays est dans un état critique the country is in a critical state; cet état de choses ne peut plus durer this state of affairs can't go on; dans l'état actuel des choses in the present state of affairs; dans l'état actuel de la recherche médicale in the present state of medical research; l'état de tension entre le gouvernement et l'opposition the state of tension in relations between the government and the opposition; ce n'est encore qu'à l'état de projet it's still only at the planning stage;5 Sci ( de corps) state; les états de la matière the states of matter; l'état solide/liquide/gazeux the solid/liquid/gaseous state; un corps à l'état liquide/de vapeur a body in the liquid/vapourGB state; à l'état naissant [gaz] nascent; à l'état pur [élément, héroïne] in its pure state;6 ( situation sociale) state; ( métier)† trade; être boulanger de son état to be a baker by trade; ruiné, il se rappelle son ancien état now that he is bankrupt, he remembers how things used to be; choisir l'état ecclésiastique to choose holy orders; être satisfait/mécontent de son état to be satisfied/unhappy with one's lot;7 Sociol l'état civilisé the civilized state; naissance d'un nouvel état social birth of a new social order; des tribus qui vivent encore à l'état sauvage tribes still living in a primitive state;8 Compta statement; état de frais statement of expenses; état des comptes financial statements; état financier financial statement; état des ventes d'un magasin a shop's GB ou store's US sales statement;9 Jur ( statut) status; état d'épouse/d'enfant légitime/de parent status of a spouse/legitimate child/parent;10 Hist ( catégorie sociale) estate; la notion de classe a remplacé celle d'état the concept of class replaced that of estate.B faire état de loc verbale1 ( arguer) to cite [document, texte, théorie, loi]; faire état du témoignage/de l'opinion de qn pour étayer une thèse to cite sb's testimony/opinion in support of a thesis;2 ( mentionner) to mention [conversation, entretien, découverte]; ne faites pas état de cette conversation don't mention this conversation; la presse a fait état de leur conversation the press reported their conversation;4 ( se prévaloir de) to make a point of mentioning [succès, courage]; j'ai fait état de mes diplômes pour obtenir le travail I made a point of mentioning my diplomas to get the job; ils ont fait état des services qu'ils nous ont rendus they made a point of mentioning the things they had done for us in the past.état d'alerte Mil state of alert; en état d'alerte on the alert; état d'âme ( scrupule) qualm; ( sentiment) feeling; ne pas avoir d'états d'âme to have no qualms; état de choc Méd, Psych state of shock; en état de choc in a state of shock; état de choses state of affairs; état civil Admin registry office GB; ( de personne) civil status; état de conscience Psych state of consciousness; état de crise Pol, Sociol state of crisis; état d'esprit state ou frame of mind; état de fait fact; les états généraux Hist the Estates General; état de grâce Relig state of grace; en état de grâce lit in a state of grace; fig inspired; état de guerre state of war; état des lieux Jur inventory and statement of state of repair; fig appraisal; faire l'état des lieux to draw up an inventory and statement of state of repair; état de nature Sociol the state of nature; à l'état de nature in the state of nature; état de rêve dream state; état de santé state of health; état de siège state of siege; états de service service record; état d'urgence state of emergency; état de veille waking state; ⇒ tiers.être/se mettre dans tous ses états○ to be in/to get into a state○; il se met dans tous ses états pour un rien he gets all worked up○ ou he gets into a state over nothing; être réduit à l'état de loque/d'esclave to be reduced to a wreck/treated as a slave.[eta] nom masculinl'État français the French state ou nationl'État, c'est moifamous phrase attributed to Louis XIV proclaiming the absolute nature of the monarchygéré par l'État state-run, publicly run
См. также в других словарях:
The raw — 1. crude, uncultured state: The play portrayed life in the raw ; 2. naked; nude: She sleeps in the raw … Dictionary of Australian slang
the raw — Australian Slang 1. crude, uncultured state: The play portrayed life in the raw ; 2. naked; nude: She sleeps in the raw … English dialects glossary
in the raw — adjective a) In the natural state; in real life. He was seeing life in the raw, and it was a different life from what he had known within the printed books of his library. b) Naked. He read there in the raw what is perhaps the most amazing page… … Wiktionary
in the raw — ► in the raw 1) in its true state. 2) informal naked. Main Entry: ↑raw … English terms dictionary
in the raw — 1) used for talking about the natural state of something, with all the unpleasant or shocking facts included What you see is life in the raw. 2) American informal not wearing any clothes … English dictionary
in the raw — idi a) in the natural, uncultivated state: nature in the raw[/ex] b) idi nude; naked … From formal English to slang
in the raw — phrasal 1. in a natural, unrefined, or crude state 2. naked < slept in the raw > … New Collegiate Dictionary
Raw sienna — Sienna Si*en na, n. [It. terra di Siena, fr. Siena in Italy.] (Chem.) Clay that is colored red or brown by the oxides of iron or manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used either in the raw state or burnt. [1913 Webster] {Burnt sienna}, sienna… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
The Real Housewives of New Jersey — Format Reality television Starring Current Teresa Giudice Caroline Manzo Jacqueline Laurita Melissa Gorga (season 3 present) Kathy Wakile (season 3 present) Recurring Kim Granatell (season 2 present) Kim DePaola (season 2 present) … Wikipedia
Raw milk — is milk that has not been pasteurized or homogenized. History Humans consumed raw milk before factory farming methods coinciding with the industrial revolution, when large populations congregated into urban areas detached from the agricultural… … Wikipedia
Raw — (r[add]), a. [Compar. {Rawer} (r[add] [ e]r); superl. {Rawest}.] [AS. hre[ a]w; akin to D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. r[=o], Icel. hr[=a]r, Dan. raa, Sw. r[*a], L. crudus, Gr. kre as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. [root]18. Cf. {Crude},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English